Pre-independence India refers to the period before India gained independence from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947. This period was marked by various socio-political movements, the rise of Indian nationalism, and the struggle for independence.
Here are some key events and movements during pre-independence India:
Indian National Congress (INC):
The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 and became the leading political party advocating for Indian independence. Initially, the Congress demanded greater participation of Indians in the administration but later shifted its goal towards complete independence.
Partition of Bengal:
In 1905, the British partitioned Bengal for administrative purposes, which created widespread protests and resentment among Indians. The partition was seen as a strategy to weaken the growing nationalist movement. The partition was revoked in 1911 due to the pressure of public opposition.
Non-Cooperation Movement:
The Non-Cooperation Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi in the early 1920s, aimed to boycott British institutions, schools, courts, and administrative bodies. The movement gained widespread support but was called off in 1922 due to incidents of violence.
Salt March:
In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi led the famous Salt March or Salt Satyagraha. It was a protest against the British salt monopoly, where Indians marched to the Arabian Sea to make their own salt. This event gained international attention and highlighted the civil disobedience tactics used in the freedom struggle.
Quit India Movement:
The Quit India Movement, launched by the Indian National Congress in 1942, was a mass civil disobedience campaign demanding an immediate end to British rule. It was a significant turning point in the freedom struggle and faced severe repression from the British authorities.
Formation of Muslim League:
The All India Muslim League, established in 1906, was a political party that aimed to protect the rights and interests of Muslims in India. The League, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, later advocated for the creation of a separate Muslim-majority nation, leading to the eventual partition of India.
The Great Indian Rebellion (1857):
Also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 or the First War of Independence, it was a widespread uprising against British rule. Although the rebellion was ultimately suppressed, it played a crucial role in awakening nationalist sentiments and laying the groundwork for future freedom movements.
These are just a few significant events and movements during pre-independence India. The struggle for independence involved the contributions of numerous leaders, activists, and ordinary people who fought for the country’s freedom from colonial rule.
